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Biometrics
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Q. How do you develop application products using the NITGEN technology?
A. NITGEN offers our customers various Developer Tool Kits needed for the development of applied products. They are available for purchase, at any time. Numerous partner companies, universities and conglomerates have not only used SDK (Software Developer’s Kit) in application software developments that support almost every OS, but have also used DK (Developer’s Kit) in developing their hardware application products.
Q. Does NITGEN retain a proprietary fingerprint sensor and algorithm?
A. Unlike our competitors, NITGEN developed its own proprietary sensor and algorithm through the use of domestic technology, which enables us to provide the highest quality products, without having to pay royalties to other companies. NITGEN’s own technologies made it possible for us to constantly enhance the quality of our products, and respond swiftly the diverse demands of our customers.
Q. What are the merits of the NITGEN sensor compared to other products?
A. Classification | NITGEN Optical sensor | Other Optical sensor | Image Distortion | Little Image distortion | Severe image distortion | Image Quality | Extract high-quality image from a dry fingerprint | Capture low- quality image when a dry fingerprint is input. | Durability | Extremely durable when subjected to external impacts and scratches | Very vulnerable to external impacts and scratches |
Q. What are the advantages and disadvantages of verification over identification?
A. Verification is much faster than identification when the number of saved reference features/users is very high. Verification is more secure than identification, especially when the number of reference traits/users is very high.
With verification, the user, on the contrary, must first enter his or her identity into the biometric system. User ID's can be forgotten and cards can be lost, making access impossible.
Q. What is the difference between identification and verification ?
A. A. In identification, the recorded biometric feature is compared to all biometric data saved in a system. If there is a match, the identification is successful, and the corresponding user name or user ID may be processed. In a verification, the user enters her/his identity into the system (e.g., via a keypad or card) and then, a biometric feature is scanned accordingly. The biometric trait must only be compared to the one previously saved reference feature, corresponding to the ID. If a match occurs, verification is successful. If a system has only one saved reference trait, identification is similar to verification, but the user need not enter his or her identity first, as for example, access to a mobile phone which should only be used by its owner.
Q. What are the major indexes indicating the efficiency of a fingerprint identification sensor ?
A. The indexes of image quality such as Resolution, Distortion, Contrast , Sharpness, Evenness and those of inner environment such as Static Electricity. Hardness, Temperature, Humidity and etc. are also used.
Q. What makes up a biometric authentication system?
A. in other biometric systems, a basic biometric system is made up of:a sensor to record the biometric trait a computer unit to process and eventually save the biometric trait an application, for which the user's authentication is necessary
In detail, the processing unit comprises
1)A "feature extraction unit" which filters the unique data out of the raw data coming from the sensor and combines them into the request template.
2)A "matcher" which compares the request template with the reference template and delivers a "score" value as a result.
3)A "decision unit" which takes the score value (or values) as well as the threshold to derive a two-valued decision (authorized or non-authorized).
Q. What kind of organizations manage biometric standardization?
A. International : ISO/IEC JTC1 SC37 (In relation to SC17, SC27, ISO TC68 )
USA : ANSI/INCITS, ANSI/X9F4 WG, NIST, BioAPI Consortium and etc.
Europe : UK BWG, TeleTrusT WG6 and etc.
Domestic : TTA, KISA
Q. What is a "template" in a biometric recognition system?
A. Template comprises the extracted, distinguished traits of the biometric data. It is generated during the process of feature extraction, which frees the raw data coming from the biometric sensor, of redundant information. In this way, both the storage requirements and the matching expense are reduced. Here, the definition of the template does not depend on its usage as reference, or for a verification request. (Several authors only call the reference template a template, the request template is called a "sample".)
Q. What kinds of indexes are used to measure the effectiveness of a biometric identification & verification system?
A. FAR (False Acceptance Rate): FAR refers to the likelihood that the system will incorrectly authorize and accept someone. Because a false acceptance can often lead to damages, FAR is generally a security relevant measure. FAR is a non-stationary statistical quantity, which not only shows a personal correlation, it can even be determined for each individual feature (called personal FAR). FRR (False Rejection Rate) : FRR refers to the likelihood that a valid user is incorrectly denied access through the system. FRR is generally considered to be a comfort criteria, because a false rejection is for the most part, simply an annoyance. FRR is a non-stationary statistical quantity, which not only shows a strong personal correlation, it can even be determined for each individual feature (called personal FRR).
Failure To Enroll rate (FTE, also FER) : The FER refers to the percentage of people who fail to be enrolled successfully because they do not have sufficient sample quality. FER is a non-stationary statistical quantity, which not only shows a strong personal correlation, it can even be determined for each individual feature (called personal FER).
Threshold: as a type of reference, it is the scores that determine a template’s consistency. This can be adjusted, depending on the security level. The entire biometric recognition system is evaluated by a threshold value dealing with appropriate matching, while FAR and FRR vary, depending on the threshold value.
FTE ( Failure to Enroll ) : the enrollment error rate indicates the numerical probability of thosethat may not register because of failure to create reproducible templates. As the enrollment criteria becomes stricter, FTE increases but FRR, on the contrary, decreases.
Q. What is the difference between biometrics and other authentication methods?
A. Authentication may be divided into 3 methods; what I know, what I have and who I am and it may be used as combined method | What I know | What I have | Who I am | Examples | Password, PIN | Key, ID card | Fingerprint, Face, iris | Advantages | Easy to change | Authority transferable | Free from worries of forgetfulness, loss and stolen | Disadvantages | Forgetfulness and disclose | Loss or stolen | Authority transfer not permitted |
Q. What is biometrics and what types are there?
A. Biometrics is the science of measuring distinguishing biological and behavioral traits of individuals, and when identified and verified by the biometric measurements, we call it biometric authentication. The biological traits include physical characteristics such as fingerprint, iris patterns, voice waves, face, hand geometry, vein, signature, etc; and behavioral traits such as gait, signature, typing patterns etc.
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